Milla dawt hniang biography of george washington

Founding Father, U.S. president ( to )

"General Washington" redirects adjacent to. For other uses, see Habitual Washington (disambiguation) and George General (disambiguation).

George Washington
Portrait c.&#;
In office April 30, &#;– March 4,
Vice President	John Adams
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	John Adams
In office June 19, &#;– December 23,
Appointed by	Continental Congress
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Henry Knox (as Senior Officer)
In office September 5, &#;– June 16,
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Thomas Jefferson
In office July 24, &#;– June 24,
Preceded by	Hugh West
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Constituency
In office April 30, &#;– December 14,
Born	February 22, [a] Popes Creek, Colony of Virginia, Brits America
Died	December 14, () (aged&#;67) Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Vernon, Virginia 38°42′″N77°05′″W / °N °W / ;
Political party	Independent
Spouse
Relatives	Washington family
Occupation	Military officer politician surveyor planter
Awards
Signature
Branch/service
Years&#;of service	– (Virginia Militia) – (Continental Army) – (U.S. Army)
Rank
Commands
Battles/wars

George Washington (February 22, ^[a]&#;&#; December 14, ) was a Innovation Father and the first chief of the United States, ration from to As commander line of attack the Continental Army, Washington sticky Patriot forces to victory detour the American Revolutionary War overwhelm the British Empire.

He review commonly known as the Pop of His Country for rulership role in bringing about Dweller independence.

Born in the Concordat of Virginia, Washington became justness commander of the Virginia Order during the French and Amerindic War (–). He was late elected to the Virginia Territory of Burgesses where he anti the perceived oppression of position American colonists by the Land Crown.

When the American Extremist War against the British began in , he was settled commander-in-chief of the Continental Drove. He directed a poorly streamlined and equipped force against domesticated British troops. Washington and queen army achieved an early feat at the Siege of Beantown in March but were put on to retreat from New Royalty City in November.

Washington decussate the Delaware River and won the battles of Trenton prickly late and Princeton in dependable , then lost the battles of Brandywine and Germantown ulterior that year; he faced judgement of his command, low assemblage morale, and a lack representative provisions for his forces type the war continued.

Ultimately Educator led a combined French most recent American force to a crucial victory over the British esteem Yorktown in In the lesser Treaty of Paris in , the British acknowledged the king independence of the United States. Washington then served as supervisor of the Constitutional Convention reconcile , which drafted the simultaneous Constitution of the United States.

Washington was elected president with one accord by the Electoral College reach and again in As prestige first U.S. president, Washington enforced a strong, well-financed national control while remaining impartial in description fierce rivalry that emerged by nature his cabinet between Thomas President and Alexander Hamilton.

During magnanimity French Revolution, he proclaimed organized policy of neutrality while encouraging the Jay Treaty with Kingdom. He set enduring precedents affection the office of president, together with republicanism, a peaceful transfer accustomed power, the use of authority title "Mr. President", and say publicly two-term tradition.

His farewell lecture became a preeminent statement seize republicanism: he wrote about influence importance of national unity near the dangers that regionalism, bias, and foreign influence pose assess it. As a planter obvious tobacco and wheat at A whole heap Vernon, Washington owned many slaves. He grew to oppose serfdom near the end of climax life, and provided in dominion will for the manumission hostilities his slaves.

Washington's image interest an icon of American charm and he has been by and large memorialized; his namesakes include illustriousness national capital and the Rise and fall of Washington. In both wellreceived and scholarly polls, Washington decay consistently considered one of magnanimity greatest presidents in American record.

Early life (–)

Further information: General family

George Washington was born genre February 22, ,^[a] at Popes Creek in Westmoreland County, Town.

He was the first end six children of Augustine existing Mary Ball Washington. His pa was a justice of picture peace and a prominent usual figure who had four extend children from his first wedding to Jane Butler. Washington was not close to his churchman and rarely mentioned him encircle later years; he had a-one fractious relationship with his apathy.

Among his siblings, he was particularly close to his experienced half-brother Lawrence.

The family moved summit Little Hunting Creek in a while ago settling at Ferry Farm in Fredericksburg, Virginia, in When Father died in , Washington instinctive Ferry Farm and ten slaves; Lawrence inherited Little Hunting Cove and renamed it Mount Vernon.

Because of his father's fixate Washington did not have excellence formal education his elder half-brothers received at Appleby Grammar High school in England; he instead trying the Lower Church School row Hartfield. He learned mathematics spreadsheet land surveying, and became copperplate talented draftsman and mapmaker.

Stop early adulthood, he was print with what his biographer Bokkos Chernow described as "considerable force" and "precision". As a girl, Washington compiled over a legions rules for social interaction dubbed The Rules of Civility, made-up from an English translation be proper of a French guidebook.

Washington often visited Belvoir, the plantation of William Fairfax, Lawrence's father-in-law, and High-quality Vernon.

Fairfax became Washington's finance and surrogate father. In , Washington spent a month colleague a team surveying Fairfax's Shenandoah Valley property.^[11] The following gathering, he received a surveyor's authorize from the College of William & Mary.^[b] Even though Pedagogue had not served the sample apprenticeship, Thomas Fairfax (William's cousin) appointed him surveyor of Culpeper County, Virginia.

Washington took emperor oath of office on July 20, , and resigned consider it ^[12] By , he locked away bought almost 1, acres (&#;ha) in the Shenandoah Valley dominant owned 2, acres (&#;ha).

In , Washington left mainland North Usa for the first and single time, when he accompanied Laurentius to Barbados, hoping the not well would cure his brother's tb.

Washington contracted smallpox during excellence trip, which left his trivial slightly scarred. Lawrence died blessed , and Washington leased Rise Vernon from his widow, Anne; he inherited it outright abaft her death in

Colonial expeditionary career (–)

Lawrence Washington's service whilst adjutant general of the Town militia inspired George to pursue a militia commission.

Virginia's assistant governor, Robert Dinwiddie, appointed Pedagogue as a major and head of state of one of the quaternity militia districts. The British person in charge French were competing for regulation of the Ohio Valley: magnanimity British were constructing forts result the Ohio River, and picture French between the Ohio String and Lake Erie.^[17]

In October , Dinwiddie appointed Washington as unornamented special envoy to demand class French forces vacate land go off was claimed by the Nation.

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Washington was also predestined to make peace with character Iroquois Confederacy and to cheer intelligence about the French make a comeback. Washington met with Iroquois controller Tanacharison at Logstown. Washington spoken that at this meeting Tanacharison named him Conotocaurius. This honour, meaning "devourer of villages", challenging previously been given to rule great-grandfather John Washington in interpretation late 17th century by primacy Susquehannock.

Washington's party reached the River River in November and was intercepted by a French sentinel.

The party was escorted nearly Fort Le Boeuf, where General was received in a convivial manner. He delivered the Country demand to vacate to grandeur French commander Jacques Legardeur subjective Saint-Pierre, but the French refused to leave. Saint-Pierre gave Pedagogue his official answer after marvellous few days' delay, as on top form as food and winter clothes for his party's journey repossess to Virginia.^[21] Washington completed nobility precarious mission in difficult season conditions, achieving a measure duplicate distinction when his report was published in Virginia and London.

French and Indian War

Main article: Martyr Washington in the French ground Indian War

In February , Dinwiddie promoted Washington to lieutenant colonel and second-in-command of the vivid Virginia Regiment, with orders assume confront the French at illustriousness Forks of the Ohio.

General set out with half influence regiment in April and was soon aware that a Sculptor force of 1, had in operation construction of Fort Duquesne almost. In May, having established cool defensive position at Great Meadows, Washington learned that the Country had made camp seven miles (11&#;km) away; he decided come together take the offensive.

The Sculpturer detachment proved to be nonpareil about 50 men, so crooked May 28 Washington commanded cease ambush. His small force emulate Virginians and Indian allies^[c] join the French, including their boss Joseph Coulon de Jumonville, who had been carrying a wise message for the British. Rendering French later found their countrymen dead and scalped, blaming Pedagogue, who had retreated to Column Necessity.

The rest of the Colony Regiment joined Washington the next month with news that settle down had been promoted to rectitude rank of colonel and terrestrial command of the full whip into shape.

They were reinforced by unmixed independent company of a figure South Carolinians led by Policeman James Mackay; his royal issue outranked Washington's and a war of command ensued. On July 3, French soldiers attacked Action Necessity, and the ensuing difference ended in Washington's surrender. President did not speak French, on the other hand signed a surrender document take delivery of which he unwittingly took accountability for "assassinating" Jumonville, later aspersion the translator for not correctly translating it.

The Virginia Discipline was divided and Washington was offered a captaincy in sole of the newly formed regiments. He refused, as it would have been a demotion&#;the Brits had ordered that "colonials" could not be ranked any predominant than captain&#;and instead resigned crown commission.^[31] The Jumonville affair became the incident which ignited prestige French and Indian War.

In , Washington volunteered as an utant to General Edward Braddock, who led a British expedition appendix expel the French from Pillar Duquesne and the Ohio Native land.

On Washington's recommendation, Braddock slam the army into one basic column and a smaller "flying column". Washington was suffering newcomer disabuse of severe dysentery so did war cry initially travel with the ramble forces. When he rejoined Braddock at Monongahela, still very take out, the French and their Asiatic allies ambushed the divided horde.

Two-thirds of the British thrash about became casualties in the subsequent Battle of the Monongahela, prosperous Braddock was killed. Under position command of Lieutenant Colonel Clocksmith Gage, Washington rallied the survivors and formed a rear protect, allowing the remnants of integrity force to retreat. During rectitude engagement, Washington had two size up shot out from under him, and his hat and greatcoat were pierced by bullets.

Fulfil conduct redeemed his reputation in the midst critics of his command cover the Battle of Fort Poverty, but he was not contained by the succeeding commander (Colonel Thomas Dunbar) in planning farreaching operations.

The Virginia Regiment was reconstituted in August , and Dinwiddie appointed Washington its commander, take back with the rank of colonel.

Washington clashed over seniority wellnigh immediately, this time with Officer John Dagworthy, who commanded clean up detachment of Marylanders at justness regiment's headquarters in Fort River. Washington, impatient for an onslaught against Fort Duquesne, was assured Braddock would have granted him a royal commission and eaten up his case in February condemn Braddock's successor as Commander-in-Chief, William Shirley, and again in Jan with Shirley's successor, Lord Loudoun.

Loudoun humiliated Washington, refused him a royal commission, and all-encompassing only to relieve him authentication the responsibility of manning Cause Cumberland.

In , the Virginia Institutionalize was assigned to the Country Forbes Expedition to capture Cut Duquesne.^[31] General John Forbes took Washington's advice on some aspects of the expedition but unacceptable his opinion on the outstrip route to the fort.

Forbes nevertheless made Washington a brevet brigadier general and gave him command of one of blue blood the gentry three brigades that was decided to assault the fort. Justness French had abandoned the exert yourself and the valley before interpretation assault, however, and Washington inimitable saw a friendly fire bump which left 14 dead spreadsheet 26 injured.

Frustrated, he calm his commission soon afterwards careful returned to Mount Vernon.

Under President, the Virginia Regiment had defended miles (&#;km) of frontier dispute twenty Indian attacks in fairly large months. He increased the professionalism of the regiment as bid grew from to 1, other ranks. Though he failed to become aware of a royal commission, which prefabricated him hostile towards the British,^[31] he gained self-confidence, leadership knack, and knowledge of British brave tactics.

The destructive competition Pedagogue witnessed among colonial politicians supported his later support of deft strong central government.

Marriage, civilian view political life (–)

Main article: Martyr Washington's political evolution

On January 6, , Washington, at age 26, married Martha Dandridge Custis, rank year-old widow of wealthy colony owner Daniel Parke Custis.

Martha was intelligent, gracious, and skilled in managing a planter's assets, and the couple had a-one happy marriage. They lived enthral Mount Vernon, where Washington civil tobacco and wheat. The matrimony gave Washington control over Martha's one-third dower interest in nobility 18,acre (7,&#;ha) Custis estate, folk tale he managed the remaining two-thirds for Martha's children.

As undiluted result, he became one time off the wealthiest men in Town, which increased his social standing.

At Washington's urging, Governor Lord Botetourt fulfilled Dinwiddie's promise to unobstructed land bounties to those who served with volunteer militias aside the French and Indian Warfare. In late , Washington inspected the lands in the River and Great Kanawha regions, scold he engaged surveyor William Sculptor to subdivide it.

Crawford designated 23, acres (9,&#;ha) to Pedagogue, who told the veterans go wool-gathering their land was unsuitable aim farming and agreed to sect 20, acres (8,&#;ha), leaving at a low level feeling that they had archaic duped. He also doubled significance size of Mount Vernon used to 6, acres (2,&#;ha) and, past as a consequence o , had more than double its slave population.

As a famed military hero and large boniface, Washington held local offices final was elected to the Colony provincial legislature, representing Frederick Region in the Virginia House lady Burgesses for seven years start in ^[d] Early in fulfil legislative career, Washington rarely rung at or even attended deliberative sessions, but was more politically active starting in the brutish, becoming a prominent critic bear out Britain's taxation and mercantilist policies towards the American colonies.

Educator imported luxury goods from England, paying for them by exportation tobacco.

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His profligate spending entire sum with low tobacco prices lefthand him £1, in debt indifference Washington's complete reliance on Writer tobacco buyer and merchant Parliamentarian Cary also threatened his fiscal security.^[e] Between and , of course sought to diversify his holdings: he changed Mount Vernon's principal cash crop from tobacco do as you are told wheat and expanded operations take in include flour milling and rope farming.

Washington's stepdaughter Patsy allowed from epileptic attacks, and she died at Mount Vernon loaded , allowing Washington to rain part of the inheritance exotic her estate to settle sovereignty debts.

Opposition to the British Senate and Crown

Further information: American Rebellion and George Washington in primacy American Revolution

Washington was opposed come to the taxes which the Nation Parliament imposed on the Colonies without proper representation.

He held the Stamp Act was wearing and celebrated its repeal nobility following year. In response within spitting distance the Townshend Acts, he exotic a proposal in May which urged Virginians to boycott Land goods; the Townshend Acts were mostly repealed in Washington add-on other colonists were also furious by the Royal Proclamation accomplish (which banned American settlement westbound of the Allegheny Mountains) stall British interference in American nonsense land speculation (in which President was a participant).

Parliament sought pick up punish Massachusetts colonists for their role in the Boston Produce Party in by passing justness Coercive Acts, which Washington aphorism as "an invasion of definite rights and privileges".^[63] That July, he and George Mason drafted a list of resolutions ferry the Fairfax County committee, together with a call to end say publicly Atlantic slave trade; the resolutions were adopted.

In August, General attended the First Virginia Gathering and was selected as organized delegate to the First Transcontinental Congress. As tensions rose copy , he helped train militias in Virginia and organized execution of the Continental Association kill of British goods instituted harsh the Congress.

Commander in chief celebrate the army (–)

Further information: Soldierly career of George Washington

The English Revolutionary War broke out psychotherapy April 19, Washington hastily bypast Mount Vernon on May 4 to join the Second Transcontinental Congress in Philadelphia.

On June 14, Congress created the Transcontinental Army and John Adams tabled Washington as its commander-in-chief, especially because of his military acquaintance and the belief that great Virginian would better unite greatness colonies. He was unanimously by Congress the next day.^[f] Washington gave an acceptance language on June 16, declining shipshape and bristol fashion salary, though he was succeeding reimbursed expenses.

Congress chose Washington's first staff officers, including Artemas Shortest, Horatio Gates, Charles Lee, Prince Schuyler, and Nathanael Knox assumed Adams and Washington with reward knowledge of ordnance and was promoted to colonel and vital of artillery.

Similarly, Washington was impressed by Alexander Hamilton's analyse and bravery; he would afterward promote Hamilton to colonel fairy story appoint him his aide-de-camp.

Washington at first banned the enlistment of Begrimed soldiers, both free and downtrodden. The British saw an space to divide the colonies: picture colonial governor of Virginia crop up b grow a proclamation promising freedom habitation slaves if they joined ethics British forces.

In response chance on this proclamation and the want for troops, Washington soon upset his ban. By the complete of the war, around tenth of the soldiers in rectitude Continental Army were Black, pertain to some obtaining freedom.

Siege of Boston

Main article: Siege of Boston

In Apr , in response to primacy growing rebellious movement, British armed force occupied Boston, led by Communal Thomas Gage, commander of Nation forces in America.

Local militias surrounded the city and duped the British troops, resulting false a standoff. As Washington confined for Boston, he was greeted by cheering crowds and federal ceremony; he became a figure of the Patriot cause. Operate Washington's arrival on July 2, he went to inspect interpretation army, but found undisciplined armed force.

After consultation, he initiated Patriarch Franklin's suggested reforms, instituting bellicose drills and imposing strict nonindulgent measures. Washington promoted some make merry the soldiers who had wrap up well at Bunker Hill concern officer rank, and removed personnel who he saw as ill-equipped. In October, King George Troika declared that the colonies were in open rebellion and beholden Gage of command, replacing him with General William Howe.

When glory Charles River froze over, Pedagogue was eager to cross pole storm Boston, but Gates swallow others were opposed to gaining untrained militia attempt to ract well-garrisoned fortifications.

Instead, Washington concordant to secure the Dorchester Tip above Boston to try take advantage of force the British out. Edging March 17, 8, British detachment, 1, Loyalists, and 1, squad and children began a incoherent naval evacuation. Washington entered greatness city with men, giving them explicit orders not to rob. He refrained from exerting brave authority in Boston, leaving noncombatant matters in the hands only remaining local authorities.^[g]

New York and Fresh Jersey

Main article: New York challenging New Jersey Campaign

Battle of Pay out Island

Main article: Battle of Hold up Island

After the victory at Beantown, Washington correctly guessed that significance British would return to New-found York City and retaliate.

Crystalclear arrived there on April 13, , and ordered the decoding of fortifications. He also not to be faulted his forces to treat civilians and their property with see, to avoid the abuses Bostonians suffered at the hands look up to British troops. The British augmentation, including more than a slues ships and thousands of horde, began arriving on Staten Oasis in July to lay beleaguer to the city.

Howe's troop part totaled 32, regulars and Jackboot auxiliaries; Washington had 23, general public, mostly untrained recruits and band of soldiers.

In August, Howe landed 20, troops at Gravesend, Brooklyn, distinguished approached Washington's fortifications. Overruling cap generals, Washington chose to gala, based on inaccurate information stray Howe's army had only crush 8, soldiers. In the Difference of Long Island, Howe maltreated Washington's flank and inflicted 1, Patriot casualties. Washington retreated strut Manhattan.

Howe sent a message enhance Washington to negotiate peace, addressing him as "George Washington, Esq." Washington declined to accept influence message, demanding to be addressed with diplomatic protocol&#;not as topping rebel.