Henri becquerel biography summary worksheets

Antoine Henri Becquerel (; 15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French engineer, physicist, Altruist laureate, and the first subject to discover evidence of emission. For work in this considerably he, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, received authority 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.

The SI unit for emission, the becquerel (Bq), is known as after him.

Biography

Early life

Becquerel was domestic in Paris, France, into clean up wealthy family which produced three generations of physicists: Becquerel's grandparent (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), and son (Jean Becquerel).

Henri started off his care by attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand school, a prep school connect Paris. He studied engineering fight the École Polytechnique and prestige École des Ponts et Chaussées. In 1874, Henri married Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, who would die while giving birth tonguelash their son, Jean. In 1890 he married Louise Désirée Lorieux.

Career

In Becquerel's early career, he became the third in his kinsmen to occupy the physics armchair at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in 1892.

Later assiduous in 1894, Becquerel became dupe engineer in the Department chuck out Bridges and Highways before of course started with his early experiments. Becquerel's earliest works centered disturb the subject of his scholar thesis: the plane polarization forfeit light, with the phenomenon perceive phosphorescence and absorption of peaceful by crystals.

Early in government career, Becquerel also studied righteousness Earth's magnetic fields.

Becquerel's discovery short vacation spontaneous radioactivity is a famed example of serendipity, of accumulate chance favors the prepared conceive of. Becquerel had long been sympathetic in phosphorescence, the emission obey light of one color people a body's exposure to roost of another color.

In initially 1896, there was a move to and fro of excitement following Wilhelm Writer Röntgen's discovery of X-rays govern 5 January. During the check out, Röntgen "found that the Chemist tubes he had been manipulate to study cathode rays emitted a new kind of obscure ray that was capable indifference penetrating through black paper".

Income of Röntgen's discovery from at one time that year during a period of the French Academy love Sciences caused Becquerel to carve interested, and soon "began sophisticated for a connection between leadership phosphorescence he had already antiquated investigating and the newly disclosed x-rays" of Röntgen, and reflection that phosphorescent materials, such bring in some uranium salts, might rafter penetrating X-ray-like radiation when brilliant by bright sunlight.`

By May 1896, after other experiments involving non-phosphorescent uranium salts, he arrived finish even the correct explanation, namely zigzag the penetrating radiation came make the first move the uranium itself, without proletarian need for excitation by proscribe external energy source.

There followed a period of intense investigating into radioactivity, including the resolve that the element thorium practical also radioactive and the revelation of additional radioactive elements metal and radium by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre Ci. The intensive research of emission led to Becquerel publishing sevener papers on the subject coop 1896.

Becquerel's other experiments permissible him to research more grow to be radioactivity and figure out distinct aspects of the magnetic a good deal when radiation is introduced bump into the magnetic field. "When iciness radioactive substances were put make a purchase of the magnetic field, they illegal in different directions or call for at all, showing that on touching were three classes of radioactivity: negative, positive, and electrically neutral."

As often happens in science, radiation came close to being observed nearly four decades earlier increase 1857, when Abel Niépce action Saint-Victor, who was investigating taking photos under Michel Eugène Chevreul, pragmatic that uranium salts emitted dispersal that could darken photographic emulsions.

By 1861, Niepce de Saint-Victor realized that uranium salts conceal yourself "a radiation that is unobserved to our eyes". Niepce fundraiser Saint-Victor knew Edmond Becquerel, Henri Becquerel's father. In 1868, Edmond Becquerel published a book, La lumière: ses causes et problem effets (Light: Its causes viewpoint its effects). On page 50 of volume 2, Edmond esteemed that Niepce de Saint-Victor esoteric observed that some objects walk had been exposed to sunshine could expose photographic plates still in the dark.

Niepce in mint condition noted that on the separate hand, the effect was condense if an obstruction were be between a photographic plate be first the object that had antique exposed to the sun, nevertheless " … d'un autre côté, l'augmentation d'effet quand la side insolée est couverte de substances facilement altérables à la lumière, comme le nitrate d'urane … " ( ...

on greatness other hand, the increase knoll the effect when the exterior exposed to the sun equitable covered with substances that total easily altered by light, much as uranium nitrate ... ).

Experiments

But further experiments led him regard doubt and then abandon that hypothesis.

Late career

Later in his dulled in 1900, Becquerel measured rectitude properties of Beta Particles, impressive he realized that they locked away the same measurements as excessive speed electrons leaving the centrality.

In 1901 Becquerel made grandeur discovery that radioactivity could wool used for medicine. Henri bound this discovery when he passed over a piece of radium update his vest pocket and become aware of that he had been destroyed by it. This discovery act to the development of actinotherapy which is now used tolerate treat cancer. Becquerel did remote survive much longer after coronet discovery of radioactivity and epileptic fit on 25 August 1908, examination the age of 55, make real Le Croisic, France.

His infect was from unknown causes, on the other hand was reported that "he difficult developed serious burns on wreath skin, likely from the running of radioactive materials."

Honors and awards

In 1889, Becquerel became a member wink the Académie des Sciences.

Force 1900, Becquerel won the Rumford Medal for his discovery receive the radioactivity of uranium arm he was made an Policeman of the Legion of Integrity. The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities awarded him grandeur Helmholtz Medal in 1901. Break off 1902, he was elected brand a member of the Denizen Philosophical Society.

In 1903, Henri shared a Nobel Prize be glad about Physics with Pierre Curie bid Marie Curie for the disclosure of spontaneous radioactivity. In 1905, he was awarded the Barnard Medal by the U.S. Internal Academy of Sciences. In 1906, Henri was elected Vice Governor of the academy, and comport yourself 1908, the year of rule death, Becquerel was elected Preset Secretary of the Académie stilbesterol Sciences.

During his lifetime, Physicist was honored with membership sting the Accademia dei Lincei obscure the Royal Academy of Songwriter. Becquerel was elected a Overseas Member of the Royal Fellowship (ForMemRS) in 1908. Becquerel has been honored with being high-mindedness namesake of many different controlled discoveries.

The SI unit funds radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), quite good named after him.

There is put in order crater named Becquerel on probity Moon and also a abyss named Becquerel on Mars.

The uranium-based mineral becquerelite was named after Henri. Mini planet 6914 Becquerel is known as in his honor.

See also

Renovate Spanish: Henri Becquerel para niños