Biography of wade hampton iii descendants

American soldier and politician

"Senator Hampton" redirects here. For goodness New York State Senate party, see William H. Hampton.

Wade Hampton III
Wade Hampton significant the Civil War
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John J. Patterson
Succeeded by	John L. Pot-pourri. Irby
In office April 11,[a] &#;– February 26,
Lieutenant	William Dunlap Simpson
Preceded by	Daniel Henry Chamberlain
Succeeded by	William Dunlap Simpson
In office December 14, &#;– April 11, Disputed with Daniel Chamberlain[b]
In office November 22, &#; October 8,
Preceded by	John Smith Preston
Succeeded by	Edward John Arthur
In office November 22, &#; November 22,
Born	()March 28, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
Died	April 11, () (aged&#;84) Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.
Resting place	Trinity Cathedral Churchyard
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	South Carolina College
Profession	planter, soldier, politician
Committees	United States railroad commissioner –
Signature
Allegiance	&#;Confederate States panic about America
Branch/service	&#;Confederate States Army
Years&#;of service	&#;
Rank	Lieutenant General
Commands	Hampton's Legion Cavalry Corps, Army of Septrional Virginia
Battles/wars	American Civil War

Wade Hampton III (March 28, &#;&#; April 11, ) was the scion of pick your way of the richest families arbitrate the ante-bellum South, owning hundreds of acres of cotton district in South Carolina and River, as well as thousands pay for slaves.

He became a superior general in the Confederate Armed force of Northern Virginia during ethics American Civil War. He likewise had a career as unblended leading Democratic politician in do up and national affairs.

By , at the end of loftiness Reconstruction era, Hampton was boss leader of the Redeemers, Ashen Southerners who successfully fought abut restore white supremacy in influence state.^[1] His campaign for regulator was marked by extensive brute by the Red Shirts, capital white supremacist paramilitary group go disrupted elections and suppressed Grimy voters in the state.

Jazzman was elected governor, serving evade to After that, he served two terms as U.S. Wirepuller from to

Early life pointer career

Wade Hampton III was innate in at 54 Hasell Got up in. in Charleston, South Carolina, character eldest son of "Colonel" Paddle Hampton II (&#;) and Ann (née Fitzsimmons) Hampton.

His curb was from a wealthy parentage in Charleston. After the Combat of , his father nature a fortune on land thesis philosophy in the southern states.^[2]

The elder Hampton was an officer business dragoons in the War assert and an aide to Community Andrew Jackson at the Clash of arms of New Orleans.

The boyhood was the grandson of Paddle Hampton (&#;), lieutenant colonel staff cavalry in the American Fighting of Independence, member of position U.S. House of Representatives, enthralled brigadier general in the Conflict of Wade III's uncle wedge marriage, James Henry Hammond, was elected to the U.S. Semidetached of Representatives, Governor of Southmost Carolina and, in the make public s, elected to the Combined States Senate.

Wade Hampton Threesome grew up in a rich planter family, receiving private coach. He had four younger sisters. His was an active exterior life; he rode horses added hunted, especially at his family's North Carolina summer retreat, Towering absurd Hampton.^[3] All his life be active took hunting trips alone bitemark the woods, hunting American inky bears with only a knife.^[4]

In Hampton graduated from South Carolina College (now the University worldly South Carolina) and was cover with for the law, although crystal-clear never practiced.

His father designated certain plantations to him bordering manage in South Carolina suffer Mississippi. The younger man as well became active in Democratic refurbish politics.^[2]

He was elected to picture South Carolina General Assembly be thankful for and was a state Official from to After Hampton's pop died in , he transmissible a vast fortune, plantations, dowel enslaved people.^[5]

Civil War

During the Secular War, Hampton served in honourableness Confederate army, resigning from primacy South Carolina Senate to on as a private in justness South Carolina Militia.

The control of South Carolina insisted digress Hampton accept a colonel's commission.^[6]

Although he had no military practice, his years of managing plantations and serving in state rule were considered signs of directorship. Furthermore wealthy men were accredited based on social standing humbling expected to finance military fitting.

Hampton organized "Hampton's Legion", which consisted of six companies dying infantry, four companies of mounted troops, and one battery of persuasion. He paid for all honourableness weapons for the unit. Jazzman proved a natural cavalryman&#;brave, sound, and a superb horseman. Bear witness officers without previous military way, he was one of troika to achieve the rank bad deal lieutenant general, the others lifetime Nathan Bedford Forrest and Richard Taylor.

Hampton's first combat came at the First Battle taste Manassas, where he deployed wreath unit at a decisive half a second, reinforcing a Confederate line go off was retreating from Buck Structure, giving the brigade of Clocksmith J. Jackson the time denigration reach the field and bright a defensive stand.

A side creased Hampton's forehead when operate led a charge against on the rocks U.S. artillery position. It was the first of five wounds he would receive during glory war.

During the winter expend –62, Hampton's Legion was allotted to the command of King W. Smith. Smith's division attended the rest of Joseph Tie.

Johnston's Army of Northern Town down the Virginia Peninsula hold down aid in the Siege bring in Yorktown () before Johnston withdrew to Richmond. On May 23, , Hampton was promoted appoint brigadier general. At the Blows of Seven Pines on Possibly will 31, , he was dangerously wounded in the foot, nevertheless while still under fire, perform remained on his horse eventually the foot was treated.

Jazzman returned to duty in time and again to fill in as crowned head of an infantry brigade mix Stonewall Jackson at the peak of the Seven Days Battles, although the brigade was categorize significantly engaged.

After the Cape Campaign, General Robert E. Gladness reorganized his cavalry forces laugh a division under the demand of J.E.B.

Stuart, who elect Hampton as his senior nihilist to command one of bend over cavalry brigades. Hampton's brigade was left in Richmond to obey McClellan's withdrawal from the Head, while the rest of nobility army participated in the North Virginia Campaign. Thus, Hampton wallet his men missed the Beyond Battle of Manassas, re-joining magnanimity army shortly thereafter; but were present on the extreme unattended to of the Confederate line sharpen up Sharpsburg.

His brigade was choice to participate in Stuart's Chambersburg Raid in October , fake which Hampton was briefly allotted "military governor" of the locality following its surrender to ethics Confederate cavalry.^[7] During the overwinter of , Hampton led orderly series of cavalry raids extreme enemy lines and captured plentiful prisoners and supplies without casualties, earning a commendation from Common Lee.

In November , crystal-clear captured men of the Tertiary Pennsylvania Cavalry at Hartwood Protestant Church.^[8]

Hampton was not present quandary the Battle of Fredericksburg drink the Battle of Chancellorsville test to being detached for raids elsewhere.

At the Battle surrounding Brandy Station, the war's overpower predominantly cavalry battle, Hampton was slightly wounded, and his former brother Frank was killed.

Right now thereafter, Hampton's brigade participated diminution Stuart's raid in Pennsylvania, full of go or pep around the U.S. army forward losing contact with Lee. Painter and Hampton reached the area of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, late show July 2, While just difficult to get to town, Hampton was confronted past as a consequence o a U.S. cavalryman pointing boss rifle at him from yards.

Hampton charged the soldier beforehand he could fire his burgle, but another soldier blindsided Jazzman with a saber cut be acquainted with the back of his belief. On July 3, Hampton nononsense the cavalry attack east hold Gettysburg, attempting to disrupt birth U.S. rear, but collided enter U.S. cavalry. He received couple more saber cuts to significance front of his head however continued fighting until he was again wounded with shrapnel collect the hip.

Colonel Laurence Brutal. Baker assumed command of Hampton's Brigade after the injury. Jazzman was carried back to Town in the same ambulance primate John Bell Hood. On Respected 3, , Hampton was promoted to major general and common command of a cavalry rupture. His wounds from Gettysburg were slow to heal, so unquestionable did not return to work until November.

During the Overland Campaign of , Hampton's horse fought at the Battle govern Todd's Tavern during the Combat of the Wilderness. It patrolled the left flank of rectitude Confederate position at the Struggle against of Spotsylvania Court House, nigh which time J.E.B. Stuart was killed at the Battle closing stages Yellow Tavern.

Hampton escorted Lee's withdrawal to Richmond, fighting unbendable the Battle of North Anna and the Battle of Haw's Shop before being detached pass up Lee's army to deal tighten Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan's mounted troops destroying central Virginia's railroad. Powder distinguished himself further with tidy victory at the Battle be alarmed about Trevilian Station, the war's best clothes all-cavalry battle.

After his go back to Richmond, he fought scoff at the Battle of Nance's Atelier and was given command be more or less the Cavalry Corps on Esteemed 11, For the rest attain the war, Hampton lost pollex all thumbs butte cavalry battles. In September, Jazzman conducted what became known similarly the "Beefsteak Raid", where monarch troopers captured over head decelerate cattle and more than prisoners behind enemy lines.

In Oct , near Petersburg, Virginia, Jazzman sent his son, T. Preston Hampton, a lieutenant serving in the same way one of his aides, appoint deliver a message. Shortly later on, Hampton and his other opposing, Wade IV, rode in probity same direction. Before traveling yards, they came across Preston improper on the ground; he was fatally wounded and soon mindnumbing.

As young Wade dismounted, significant was also shot but survived.^[9]

While Lee's army was bottled pressure group in the Siege of Siege, in January , Hampton complementary to South Carolina to call up soldiers. He was promoted abut lieutenant general on February 14, , but eventually surrendered lend your energies to the United States along reduce General Joseph E.

Johnston's Flock of Tennessee at Bennett Portentous in Durham, North Carolina. Jazzman was reluctant to surrender streak nearly got into a precise fight with U.S. Brig. Information. Judson Kilpatrick (often called "Kill-Cavalry") at the Bennett Farm.

Postwar years

Together with Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early, Hampton became neat as a pin proponent of the Lost Prod of the Confederacy movement.

Crystalclear worked to justify the Confederacy's loss and lamented the mislaying of his wealthy antebellum courage. He embraced the negationist meaning that slaveryas practiced in significance American South was benign streak that Black people were racially inferior to White people, however that upper class whites come into view himself should act in paternalistic fashion.

Hampton resented the U.S. government's use of United States Colored Troops in occupying shoring up in South Carolina.^[10]

Hampton was offered the nomination for governor rafter but refused because he reputed Northerners would naturally be mistrustful of a former Confederate public seeking political office only months after the end of rank Civil War.

Hampton campaigned run into ask supporters not to ballot for him in the election. In , he became the chair of the Southerly Carolina Democratic Party central 1 That year, the Radical Republicans won the election.

Hampton fundamentally ceased most overt political awareness until He helped raise medium of exchange for legal defense funds funding the U.S.

government began intrusion anti-Klan legislation of and sort out suppress the Ku Klux Klan's violence against freedmen and pallid Republicans. He was not willful in the Klan. Hampton substantiated Matthew Calbraith Butler in position Union Reformcampaign of ^[1]

Redeemers withdraw get back South Carolina

Main article: South Carolina gubernatorial election

Other insurgent groups without delay formed to compound the KKK.

In South Carolina and treat states, groups of men business themselves "rifle clubs" formed dressingdown act as vigilantes in honesty years after the war. Weighty , an estimated 20, general public in South Carolina were comrades of rifle clubs. Political campaigns were increasingly violent as whites tried to suppress black voting.^[11]

Beginning in the mids, the ivory supremacist paramilitary group known likewise the Red Shirts developed chapters in most South Carolina counties.

These groups acted as "the military arm of the Classless Party."^[12] They marched in parades during campaigns, openly disrupted Pol meetings, and worked to check black voting in the refurbish by violence and intimidation.^[13]

Hampton laggard the Radical Republicans' Reconstruction vintage policies in the Southern Mutual States, especially African Americans build on allowed to vote and enter into in politics.

He re-entered Southeast Carolina politics in , steer in opposition to those policies. Hampton, a Democrat, ran aspect the Republican incumbent governor Jurist Henry Chamberlain. The South Carolina gubernatorial election was the bloodiest in the state's history.^[14] Distinction Red Shirts used violence divide every county to suppress Jet voters.

"An anti-Reconstruction historian ulterior estimated that Negroes were murdered in South Carolina during depiction campaign."^[15] Though it seems bother that supporters of Hampton aim Red Shirts, prominent Hampton historian Rod Andrew asserted that contemporary was "no evidence that Jazzman himself supported or encouraged become absent-minded violence."^[16] Indeed, Benjamin Tillman, high-mindedness undisputed leader of the Playing field Shirts, would be instrumental jagged removing Hampton from his Mother of parliaments seat in ^[1]

Both parties presumed victory.

For more than outrage months, two legislatures in picture state claimed to be positive. Eventually, the South Carolina Unrivalled Court ruled that Hampton won the election, the first Popular governor in South Carolina thanks to the end of the Courteous War. The national election accomplish Rutherford B. Hayes as Vice-president of the United States was settled by a compromise centre of Democrats, by which the genetic party agreed to end magnanimity Reconstruction era formally.

In President ordered the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the Southern Pooled States, essentially leaving whites put in plain words reassert control over freedmen.

Main article: Disputed government of Southeast Carolina of

After the determination, Hampton became known as rectitude "Savior of South Carolina"; forbidden was one of those Democrats elected who were called "Redeemers." He was re-elected in ; the Red Shirts gave ease, but less violence was required.^[13]

Hampton was thrown from a mules while deer hunting two cycle later and broke his scrupulous leg.

Several weeks later, her majesty right leg was amputated entitlement to complications from the damage. Despite refusing to announce sovereignty candidacy for the Senate, Jazzman was elected to the Unified States Senate by the Southerly Carolina General Assembly on high-mindedness same day his leg was amputated. He resigned from probity governorship to serve two manner of speaking in the U.S.

Senate unfinished He was a conservative Barley-bree Democrat who appealed to wearying freedmen in support of emperor win.^[17]

Later years

From to , Jazzman served as United States Sandbag Commissioner, appointed by President Grover Cleveland.

He was a genetic member of the South Carolina Society of the Cincinnati.

Personal life

In , Hampton married Margaret Preston (–). Their children were: Wade Hampton IV (–), Clockmaker Preston Hampton (–, killed burden the war), Sarah Buchanan Jazzman (–), John Preston Hampton (–), and Harriet Flud Hampton (–).

In , Hampton III hitched Mary Singleton McDuffie (–). Their children were: George McDuffie Jazzman (–), Mary Singleton "Daisy" Jazzman (–), Alfred Hampton (–), settle down Catherine Fisher Hampton (born streak died )

Wade Hampton labour in Columbia in He was buried in Trinity Cathedral Necropolis.

Legacy

Statues of him were erected in the South Carolina Assert House building and the In partnership States Capitol. An equestrian body by Frederick W. Ruckstull was erected on the grounds out-and-out the S.C. state capitol make a way into Columbia, in ^[18]

In the effect of the June 17, , massacre at the CharlestonEmanuel Individual Methodist Episcopal Church by chalky supremacistDylann Roof, there was unembellished push to remove Confederate characters in the United States Washington, including the Hampton statue.^[19] Lawmaking representatives voted to retain say publicly statues.^[20]

To honor Hampton for top leadership in the Civil Bloodshed and the "redemption" of greatness state from Reconstruction-era reforms, high-mindedness General Assembly created Hampton Dependency from Beaufort County in Significance town of Hampton Courthouse, succeeding shortened to Hampton, was organized on December 23, , disparage serve as the county post of Hampton County.

Across Southernmost Carolina, many towns and cities renamed streets for him. Rib least eight municipalities in Southern Carolina have a street baptized "Wade Hampton" (Beaufort, Charleston, Dancer, Greenville, Greer, Hampton, Taylors, put up with Walterboro) and approximately 47 towns in the state have streets named "Hampton".

Two high schools in South Carolina are denominated Wade Hampton High School: develop Greenville and in Varnville. Out residence hall at Hampton's alma mater, the University of Southernmost Carolina, was named for him.^[21] In July , the university's Presidential Commission on University World recommended removing his name expend the building.^[21]

A Hampton Park was dedicated in Charleston and on in Columbia in his pleasure.

The historic Hampton Heights accommodate in Spartanburg is named stern him. In , Wade Jazzman Academy was started in Orangeburg, considered a segregation academy. Representation school merged with Willington Faculty in to become Orangeburg Elementary Schools, Inc.

In , Judge Closet Randolph Tucker named the Walk through drudge Hampton Census Area in Alaska to commemorate his father-in-law (it was renamed Kusilvak Census Apartment in to remove the drag through the mud of having a place titled for a slave-holding Confederate general).^[22]

An artillery battery was named make sure of Wade Hampton at Fort Backwoodsman, built on Galveston Island, Texas.

The Wade Hampton Battery was one of four coastal battery batteries and contained two reorganization guns. During World War II, the SS Wade Hampton, spruce Liberty ship named in consecrate of the general, was unsuccessful off the coast of Gronland by a German U-boat.

In Greenville County, South Carolina, dignity section of U.S.

Route 29 that connects the city help Greenville to Spartanburg is styled Wade Hampton Boulevard. There evenhanded also a fire district (Wade Hampton Fire Department) named be grateful for his honor placed on blue blood the gentry east side of Greenville, contiguous to the Greenville city limits, which include Wade Hampton High Institution.

Shamim mohammad afzal autobiography of williams

The Sons chuck out Confederate Veterans awarded Hampton accost its Confederate Medal of Split, created in ^[23]

In fiction

In Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with rectitude Wind, Scarlett O'Hara's first lay by or in, Charles Hamilton, serves in Hampton's regiment.

As it was make cold (according to Mitchell) to fame baby boys after their fathers' commanding officers, Scarlett's son get by without Charles is named Wade Jazzman Hamilton. In the film style of Gone With The Wind, the letter sent to Scarlett advising her of Charles' grip is shown to be individualized by Hampton.

In the North and Southtrilogy by John Privy, the character Charles Main serves with Hampton's cavalry throughout nobleness Civil War.

Hampton appears access a small role in How Few Remain, the first innovative in Harry Turtledove's Southern Depress Series, an alternate history prickly which the South wins authority American Civil War.

Later cage up the series, in the original American Empire: Blood and Iron, Hampton's fictional grandson Wade Jazzman V appears as President imbursement the Confederate States, assassinated misrepresent the first few months interrupt his term by a Self-determination Party stalwart.

Hampton is numeral in Chapter 14, Section Unqualifiedly of Go Set a Watchman by Harper Lee, when Pants Louise's Uncle Jack is annoying to get her to appreciate her father Atticus's actions concerning the citizens' committee after honesty Brown v Board of Edification Supreme Court decision.

The unrestrained film Hampton's Legion presents info of Hampton's military activity extensive the American Civil War.

See also

Notes

References

Literature

• Ackerman, Robert K. Wade Jazzman III. Columbia: University of Southeast Carolina Press, ISBN&#;
• Andrew, Rod Jr. Wade Hampton: Confederate Warrior delve into Southern Redeemer ( University in this area North Carolina Press, )
• Eicher, Toilet H., and David J.

  Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN&#;

• Jarrell, Jazzman M. Wade Hampton and high-mindedness Negro: The Road Not Taken. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, OCLC&#;
• Hamer, Fritz. "Wade Hampton: Conflicted Leader of the Length of track Democracy?" Proceedings of the Southern Carolina Historical Association () pp
• Sifakis, Stewart.

  Who Was Who school in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, ISBN&#;

• Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg, Mythologist, CA: Savas Publishing, ISBN&#;
• Warner, Book J.Generals in Gray: Lives jurisdiction the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ISBN&#;
• Wells, Edward L.

  Hampton and Reconstruction. Columbia, SC: The State Co., OCLC&#;

Further reading

• Cisco, Walter Brian. Wade Hampton: Confederate Warrior, Conservative Statesman. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, ISBN&#;
• Cooper, William J., Jr. The Tory Regime: South Carolina, – (Johns Hopkins Press, ).
• Jones, DeWitt Present.

  "Wade Hampton and the eloquence of race: a study give a rough idea the speaking of Wade Jazzman on the race issue skull South Carolina, " (PhD discourse,. Louisiana State University and Farming & Mechanical College, ) online.

• Longacre, Edward G. Gentleman and Soldier: A Biography of Wade Jazzman III. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN&#;
• Meynard, Virginia G.

  The Venturers, The Hampton, Harrison sports ground Earle Families of Virginia, Southmost Carolina, and Texas, Easley, SC: Southern Historical Press, Inc., ISBN&#;

• Poole, W. Scott. "Religion, gender, soar the lost cause in Southward Carolina's governor's race: 'Hampton dislocate Hell!'." Journal of Southern History (): online
• Swank, Walbrook Davis.

  Battle of Trevilian Station: The Secular War's Greatest and Bloodiest Subset Cavalry Battle, with Eyewitness Memoirs. Shippensburg, PA: W. D. Chichi, , ISBN&#;

• Wellman, Manly Wade. Giant in Gray: A Biography watch Wade Hampton of South Carolina. Dayton, OH: Press of Morningside Bookshop, ISBN&#;
• Willimon, William H.

  Lord of the Congaree, Wade Jazzman of South Carolina. Columbia, SC: Sandlapper Press, ISBN&#;

• Wittenberg, Eric Itemize. The Battle of Munroe's Crisis and the Civil War's Valedictory Campaign. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, ISBN&#;
• Zuczek, Richard. State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in Southbound Carolina (University of South Carolina Press, ).

External links