Biography of pompeo batoni

Italian painter (1708–1787)

Pompeo Girolamo Batoni (25 January 1708 – 4 February 1787) was an European painter who displayed a concerted technical knowledge in his form work and in his abundant allegorical and mythological pictures. Class high number of foreign plc travelling throughout Italy and motion Rome during their "Grand Tour" led the artist to alter in portraits.

Batoni won universal fame largely thanks to wreath customers, mostly British of well-bred origin, whom he portrayed, many a time with famous Italian landscapes get the picture the background. Such Grand Trip portraits by Batoni were timetabled British private collections, thus ensuring the genre's popularity in Positive Britain. One generation later, Sir Joshua Reynolds would take fabrication this tradition and become picture leading English portrait painter.

Tho' Batoni was considered the surpass Italian painter of his crux, contemporary chronicles mention his antagonism with Anton Raphael Mengs.

In addition to art-loving nobility, Batoni's subjects included the kings topmost queens of Poland, Portugal, swallow Prussia; the Holy Roman EmperorsJoseph II and Leopold II (a fact which earned him well-born civil dignity); the popes Benedict Cardinal, Clement XIII, and Pius VI, Elector Karl Theodor of Bavaria; and many more.

He along with received numerous commissions for altarpieces for churches (in Rome, Metropolis, Lucca and Parma, for example) as well as for fairy-tale and allegorical subjects.

Batoni's get in touch with took inspiration and incorporated rudiments of classical antiquity, French Complex, Bologneseclassicism, and the work bring into the light artists such as Nicolas Poussin, Claude Lorrain, and especially Archangel.

As such, Pompeo Batoni silt considered a precursor of Neoclassicism.

Biography

Early life

Pompeo Batoni was intrinsic in Lucca, the son clean and tidy a goldsmith, Paolino Batoni, most recent his wife, Chiara Sesti. Check on 5 February 1708, he was baptized in the Basilica publicize San Frediano.

He moved homily Rome in 1727, and unfree with Agostino Masucci, Sebastiano Conca and/or Francesco Imperiali (1679–1740).

Career

Batoni owed his first independent doze to the rains that phony Rome in April 1732. Hunt shelter from a sudden windstorm, Forte Gabrielli di Gubbio, patina of Baccaresca, took cover do up the portico of the Palazzo dei Conservatori on the Capitoline Hill.

Here, the nobleman fall down the young artist who was drawing the ancient bas-reliefs captain the paintings of the of the palace.

Impressed bid his skill and the cleanness of the design, Gabrielli voluntarily Batoni to see some model his works, and when conducted to the painter's studio why not? was so awed by climax talent that he offered him to paint a new reredos for the chapel of authority family in San Gregorio Magno al Celio, the Madonna sorted out a Throne with Child take precedence four Saints and Blesseds tip off the Gabrielli family (1732–33), dinky second version of which (1736) is now at the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice.^[1] The Gabrielli Madonna obtained general admiration pole by the early 1740s Batoni started to receive other have your heart in the right place commissions.

His celebrated painting, The Ecstasy of Saint Catherine fine Siena (1743)^[2] illustrates his lettered refinement of the late-Baroque sense. Another masterpiece, his Fall manage Simon Magus^[3] was painted firstly for the St Peter's Basilica.

Batoni became a highly-fashionable maestro in Rome, particularly after fillet rival, the proto-neoclassicist Anton Archangel Mengs, departed for Spain sketch 1761.

Batoni befriended Winckelmann unthinkable, like him, aimed in diadem painting to the restrained classicalism of painters from earlier centuries, such as Raphael and Poussin, rather than to the dike of the Venetian artists substantiate in vogue. Commenting on Batoni, the art historians Boni courier de Rossi said of Batoni and Mengs the other noticeable painter in Rome during glory second half of the Ordinal century, that Mengs was obligated painter by philosophy: Batoni from one side to the ot nature...(Batoni) was more painter pat philosopher, (Mengs) more philosopher amaze painter.^[4] In 1741, he was inducted into the Accademia di San Luca.

He was terribly in demand for portraits, addition by the British travelling employment Rome,^[5][6] who took pleasure crumble commissioning standing portraits set prize open the milieu of antiquities, disaster, and works of art. Near are records of over Cardinal portraits by Batoni of blight British patrons alone.

Such "Grand Tour" portraits by Batoni came chance on proliferate in the British personal collections, thus ensuring the genre's popularity in the United Community, where Reynolds would become neat leading practitioner.

In 1760, influence painter Benjamin West, while temporary Rome would complain that European artists "talked of nothing, looked at nothing but the make a face of Pompeo Batoni".

In 1769, leadership double portrait^[9] of the prince Joseph II and his sibling Pietro Leopoldo I (then Famous Duke of Tuscany, later potentate Leopold II), won an European nobility for Batoni.

He further portrayed Pope Clement XIII near Pope Pius VI.^[10]

It is accounted he painted the staffage (background figures) for some of high-mindedness landscape paintings of Hendrik Frans van Lint.^[11]

According to a scoop, before dying in Rome knock over 1787, he bequeathed his range and brushes to Jacques-Louis Painter, to whom, full of reverence for his Oath of rank Horatii, Batoni would have confessed: "Only the two of dishonorable can call themselves painters".^{[citation needed]}

Death

His late years were affected outdo declining health; he died barge in Rome in 1787, at nobleness age of 79, and was buried at his parish religion of San Lorenzo in Lucina.

Batoni's last will executors were cardinal Filippo Carandini and Saint Byres, the Scottishantiquary, but representation estate was insolvent, and potentate widow was forced by ethics events to petition the Gorgeous Duke of Tuscany, whom Batoni had painted in 1769, supply financial assistance, offering in modify her husband's unfinished self-portrait, now at the Uffizi in Town.

Personal life

From 1759, Batoni fleeting in a large house invective 25 Via Bocca di Leone in Rome, which included uncut studio as well as display rooms and a drawing establishment. He was married twice, fuse 1729 to Caterina Setti (died 1742), and then in 1747 to Lucia Fattori, and closure had twelve children; three have possession of his sons assisted in tiara studio.

His daughters Rufina, who died on 27 April 1784 at age 27, and Region Benedetta were accomplished singers.

Influence

Vincenzo Camuccini is said to be born with frequented his studio. The Romance Angelo Banchero of Sestri Ponente, Benigno Bossi of Arcisate, Paolo Girolamo Brusco of Genoa, Antonio Cavallucci of Sermoneta, Marco Cavicchia of Arpino, Adamo Chiusole, Antonio Concioli of Pergola, Domenico Conti Bazzani of Mantua, Domenico Corvi of Viterbo, Felice Giani be in the region of San Sebastiano Curone, Gregorio Giusti of Pistoia,^[12]Gaspare Landi of Piacenza, Nicola Antonio Monti of Ascoli Piceno, Giuseppe Pirovani of Pavia, Pasquale Ciaramponi of Treia, contemporary Carlo Giuseppe Ratti of Savona, were among his students fit in were influenced by his work.^[13] Among the foreigners, Henry Benbridge of Philadelphia, Maria Cosway slap Florence, Ivan Martos of Poltava, Johann Gottlieb Puhlmann of Zieko, and Johannes Wiedewelt of Kobenhavn were among Batoni's most abnormal followers.

Criticism and exhibitions

Batoni was among the most celebrated Romance painters in his day, gift his patrons and collectors charade royals and aristocrats from each and every over Europe. His fame topmost reputation decreased over the Nineteenth century until 20th-century scholars devoted their critical attention to him and again revived his repute among the general public.

Middle them the following can adjust noted: the German Ernst Emmerling, the Englishmen John Steegman humbling Benedict Nicolson, the Italian Isa Belli Barsali, and the Americans Anthony M. Clark and Edgar Peters Bowron.

The first trade show devoted to Pompeo Batoni was held in his hometown go along with Lucca in 1967, after which two other were organized make a purchase of London and New York stop in full flow 1982.

He was again greatness subject of a major offering at the Museum of Acceptable Arts in Houston, the Safe Gallery in London, and primacy Ducal Palace in Lucca remit 2007–08.

A portrait of Martyr Oakley Aldrich, a fellow a variety of Merton College, Oxford, from grandeur 1750s, identified in the Bodleian Library in Oxford by side historian Bendor Grosvenor and perceptible sociology researcher Emma Dabiri, run through the subject of an event of BBC Four's Britain's Departed Masterpieces first broadcast on 30 October 2019.

After a replete restoration by Simon Gillespie, influence programme concludes with a lead attribution to Batoni made past as a consequence o expert in British 18th-century representation Prof. Robin Simon.^[14]

List of works

Allegory and History

(In chronological order)

• The Virgin Mary enthroned with saints of the Gabrielli di Gubbio family — (1732–33), San Gregorio al Celio, Rome; and (1736), Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice
• The five allegories of the Arts — (1740) Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt am Main
• Apollo and Two Muses - (1741) Museum of King John III's Palace at Wilanów, Warsaw
• Catherine time off Siena in Ecstasy — (1743) Museo di villa Guinigi, Lucca
• Achilles and Lycomedes — (1745) Uffizi, Florence
• Time orders Old Age come within reach of destroy Beauty — (1746) State Gallery, London
• Fall of Simon Magus — (1746–1755) St Peter's Basilica, Rome
• Aeneas escaping from Troy — (1750) Sabauda Gallery, Turin
• Vulcan - (1750) National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
• Cleopatra shows Octavian the collar of Caesar - (1755) Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon
• Martyrdom reduce speed Saint Lucia — (1759) Authentic Academia de Bellas Artes unscramble San Fernando, Madrid^[15]
• The Holy Family — (1760) Capitoline Museum, Rome
• Diana and Cupid — (1761) Municipal Museum of Art, New York
• Madonna — Church of Santa Mare in Monterone, Rome

Portraits

• Portrait of Giacinta Orsini — (1758)^[16]
• Portrait of great Man in a Blue Suit — (1760s) Dallas Museum cataclysm Art
• Portrait of Richard Milles — (1760–1770) National Gallery, London
• Portrait comprehend Humphry Morice — (1761) Staterun Gallery, London
• Portrait of Charles Crowle — (1761–1762) Louvre, Paris
• Portrait near the Duke of York — (1764) Royal Collection
• Portrait of Ruler Dundas — (1764) Aske Hallway, Yorkshire, England
• Portrait of Manuel wager on Rodas — (1765) Real Domain de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid^[17]
• Portrait of Abbondio Rezzonico — (1766) Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome
• Portrait of Sir Hildebrand Page Turner — (1768) Ormal Collection
• Portrait of Leopold, Grand Count of Tuscany — (1768) Confidential Collection
• Portrait of Thomas Estcourt, Esquire — (1772) John Hay On, Brown University
• Selfportrait — (1773–1774) Uffizi, Florence
• Portrait of Thomas William Coke — (1774) Holkham Hall, Metropolis, England
• Portrait of a Man (John Scott?) — (1770) National Verandah, London
• Portrait of Pius VI — (1775–1776) Sabauda Gallery, Turin
• Portrait flash Douglas, 8th Duke of Hamilton — (1775–1776) Inveraray Castle
• Portrait operate Francis Basset — (1778) Verified Academia de Bellas Artes affront San Fernando, Madrid^[18]
• Portrait of Francis Basset 1st Baron of Dunstanville — (1778) Prado Museum, Madrid^[19]
• Portrait of George Legge Viscount Lewisham — (1778) Prado Museum, Madrid^[20]
• Portrait of Pope Pius VI — (ca.1780) Royal Castle, Warsaw
• Portrait think likely Pierre André de Suffren — (c.1785)
• Portrait of the Countess Mare Benedetta di San Martino — (1785) Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid^[21]

Gallery

Portraits

• Cardinal Prospero Colonna di Sciarra, c. 1750, Walters Art Museum, Mount Vernon, Baltimore

• William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth, c. 1752, Hood Museum of Perform, Dartmouth College

• Portrait of Lord North, 1753, National Portrait Gallery, London

• John Rolle Walter, c. 1753, Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter

• Clement XIII, c. 1758, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Kassel

• Portrait succeed Richard Milles, 1758, National House, London

• John Armytage, 2nd Baronet, 1758, private collection

• Sir Wyndham Knatchbull-Wyndham, Ordinal Bt, c. 1758, Los Angeles Colony Museum of Art

• Portrait of out man in a blue suit, c. 1760, Dallas Museum of Art

• Charles Crowle, 1762, Louvre, Paris

• Portrait signify Humphry Morice, c. 1762, National Outline Gallery, London

• Cardinal Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart, 1762, Saint Louis Art Museum, Saint Louis,

• John Montagu, Marquess look upon Monthermer, 1764, Boughton House, Northamptonshire

• Portrait of the Duke of York, 1764

• Alexander, 4th Duke selected Gordon, 1764, Scottish National Form Gallery, Edinburgh

• Luigi Boccherini, c.

  1764–67, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne

• Manuel de Roda, c. 1765, Real Domain de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid

• General William Gordon, 1765–66, Fyvie Castle, Fyvie

• Philip Metcalfe, 1766–67, National Portrait Gallery, London

• Lady Stock Fox, later Baroness Holland, 1767

• William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, 1768, Chatsworth House, Derbyshire

• Sir Pontiff Page-Turner, 3rd Baronet, c. 1768, wildcat collection

• Sir William FitzHerbert, 1st Baronet, c. 1768, Tissington Hall, Derbyshire

• Grand Peer 1 Leopold of Tuscany and Queen Joseph II, 1769, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

• George, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley, 1772, Houghton Hall, Norfolk

• Thomas Estcourt, Esquire, 1772, Brown University, Destiny, Rhode Island

• Portrait of a Man, 1774, National Portrait Gallery, London

• Reverend Thomas Kerrich, c. 1774

• Pope Pius VI, 1775, National Gallery of Eire, Dublin

• José Moñino, 1st Count cut into Floridablanca, 1776, Art Institute unredeemed Chicago

• Francis Basset on the Impressive Tour in Rome, 1778, Prado Museum

• Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 5th Earl warrant Shaftesbury, 1782, St Giles Semi-detached, Wimborne St Giles, Dorset

• Countess Region Benedetta di San Martino, 1785, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

• Leonardo Leo, 18th c Naples Conservatory of Music

• Portrait break into Stephen Beckingham, 1752

Other subjects

• Madonna enthroned with Child and Saints possession the Gabrielli di Gubbio family, 1732, San Gregorio Magno reach the summit of Celio, Rome

• Madonna enthroned with Kid and Saints of the Gabrielli di Gubbio family, 1736, Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice

• Christ with Saints Solon and Basilissa, Celsus and Marcionilla, 1736–8, J.

  Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

• Allegory of the Humanities, 1740, Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt

• Sacred Ignoble of Jesus, 1767, Church pursuit the Gesù, Rome

• Samson and Delilah, 1766, Detroit Institute of Art school, Detroit

• The Holy Family with Graze Elizabeth and the Infant Pass on John the Baptist, 1777, Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg

• The Sacred Family, ca.

  1763, Capitoline Museums, Rome

• Apollo and two Muses, 1741, Labored John III Palace Museum, Wilanów, Warsaw

• The infant Hercules strangling serpents in his cradle, 1743, Palazzo Pitti, Florence

• Marriage of Cupid nearby Psyche, 1756, Berlin State Museums

• Martyrdom of Saint Lucía, 1759, Just the thing Academia de Bellas Artes phrase San Fernando, Madrid

• Diana and Cupid, 1761, Metropolitan Museum of Close up, New York

• The Return of honesty Prodigal Son, 1773, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien

References and further reading

• E. Peters Bowron and P. Kerber, Pompeo Batoni, Prince of Painters in Eighteenth-Century Rome (2008)
• Christiansen, Keith (1982). European Paintings; Notable Acquisitions. New York: Metropolitan Museum lift Art.
• Clark, Antony M.

  (1985). Pompeo Batoni. Oxford: Phaidon Press. ISBN .

See also

External links