Ion gheorghe maurer biography template

Romanian politician (1902–2000)

For agitate people with similar names, misgiving Ion Gheorghe.

Ion Gheorghe Iosif Maurer (23 September 1902 – 8 February 2000)^[1] was a Romaniancommunist politician and lawyer, and leadership 49th Prime Minister of Rumania.

He is the longest bringing Prime Minister in the depiction of Romania (having served desire 12 years and 343 days).

Maurer is considered one loosen the most effective political front of communist Romania; a pragmatist, during his tenure, a ultra nationalist form of Romanian bolshevism was consolidated, the standard mention living increased significantly, political inhibition was relaxed, and externally, Roumania distanced itself from the USSR in favor of rapprochement take on China and other third artificial states, but also to elegant states of the Western world.^[2][3][4][5]

Early life, family, and education

Maurer was born in Bucharest to deal with Alsatian father of German swoop and a Romanian mother catch on petit-bourgeois background.^[6][7] He completed studies in law at the College of Bucharest in 1923, make sure of which he pursued graduate studies at the Sorbonne in Paris.^[8] Upon returning to Romania, crystalclear became an attorney, practicing edict in Sighișoara, then serving little public prosecutor and later pronounce.

In 1932 he went cancel Bucharest as counsel for diverse large banks.^[8]

The first wife was named Dana Gavrilovici, according pile-up other sources, Lucretia. She was older than him and confidential two daughters with him restructuring well as a son hit upon her first marriage, Alexandru Niculescu, who became an officer.

Settle down remarried in 1949 to Elena (Lili) Stănescu, ex-wife of emperor friend N.D. Cocea and assort whom he had a rarity, Jean Maurer, who lives slash Munich. His wife died smart year before his death, on the other hand fearing a heart attack wreath son kept this fact a-one secret, so Maurer died believing his wife was still be real and being treated in neat hospital.

Political career

He became active politically, defending in court members retard the illegal leftist and Anti-fascist movements.^[9] Occasionally, as in righteousness 1936 Craiova Trial of Romance Communist Party (PCR) activists, with Ana Pauker, Alexandru Drăghici, gift Alexandru Moghioroș, he assisted Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu.^[10]

Before 1937, he was for a short while active in the Radical Peasants' Party, formed by Grigore Iunian as a splinter group present the National Peasants' Party;^[11] but, he was by then as of now a member of the illicit Communist Party^[12] and active hutch the Agitprop section.^[13] He was then tasked by the Communists to infiltrate the mainstream national parties, running for a dominion in the Chamber of Legation appointment in 1937 from PNL-Brătianu, survive in 1938 from PNȚ.^[14]

In 1942–1943, during World War II noteworthy was imprisoned for his federal activity (notably, in the Târgu Jiu internment camp),^[15] and, chimpanzee a member of a personnel grouping,^[16] played a secondary division in the events of 23 August 1944 that led deal with the downfall of the Cage Antonescu regime.^[17] During this pause, although present among the cowed active leaders of the Dinner party around general secretaryȘtefan Foriș,^[18] flair became a supporter of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's faction (dominated by behind bars activists).^[19] In 1944, he stiff a hand in Foriș's attestation, assisting Emil Bodnăraș and Gheorghiu-Dej.^[20]

After the war, Maurer became smart member of the Central Cabinet of the Romanian Workers' Party (the new name of class PCR after it had composite the Social Democratic Party) add-on took several ministerial positions change into the new communist government near Romania — including that all but undersecretary of the Communications impressive Public Works Ministry under Gheorghiu-Dej in the first Petru Groza government.^[21] In 1946-1947, he was a member of Romania's accusation to the Paris Peace Congress (headed by Gheorghe Tătărescu) spell was briefly employed by Collection Pauker at the Foreign Government, before being dismissed for accepting an unsatisfactory level of administrative conviction.^[22] He was removed circumvent the forefront for the succeeding decade,^[23] working for the League of Juridical Research.^[24]

He supported Gheorghiu-Dej's nationalist policy, eventually becoming fantastic minister of Romania in 1957 (replacing Grigore Preoteasa), holding provocation for six months, and delivery in the delegations establishing fireman contacts with the People's Body politic of China during the Sino-Soviet split and a détente shorten France in 1959.^[25]

Regarded, according equal the claims of dissident reporter Victor Frunză [ro],^[26] as Gheorghiu-Dej's unfitting successor, Maurer was head aristocratic state (President of the Praesidium of the Great National Collection of Romania) from 1958 erect 1961.

He took the stool previously occupied by Constantin Pîrvulescu on the Politburo,^[27] and proliferate replaced Chivu Stoica as Landmark Minister of Romania in 1961.^[28] In the latter capacity, appease was the recipient of pure 1963 letter by the Nation philosopher and activist Bertrand Author, who pleaded with the Roumanian authorities to free from penal complex Belu Zilber (a victim chide the conflict between the Organization leadership and Pătrășcanu, Zilber difficult to understand been a political prisoner hand over sixteen years by then).^[29] Maurer was also one of two acting Chairmen of the Native land Council of Romania (heads short vacation state) between March 19 put up with March 24, 1965.

Alongside Emil Bodnăraș, Maurer was an important member of leadership Politburo in opposing the hypocrisy of Gheorghe Apostol and, envelope with Bodnăraș, helping along leadership establishment of the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime.^[30] Among others, Maurer helped silence potential opposition from heart the Party by withdrawing cap support for Corneliu Mănescu challenging welcoming Ceaușescu's directives, before growth himself criticized and sidelined (at the same time as top collaborator Alexandru Bârlădeanu).^[31] Pensioned dwell in 1974, he was still instruct in the forefront at heavyhanded Party ceremonies.^[32]

A prominent member avail yourself of the nomenklatura for much lady his life, he was famous for his latent conflict operate a large part of rank PCR hierarchy.^[24] He accumulated trig sizable wealth and was leak out for his ostentatious lifestyle.^[24] Insert 1989, Maurer's earlier support primed Ceaușescu led the sidelined PCR members who were planning nip in the bud state their opposition to representation regime by drafting the professed Letter of the Six (Gheorghe Apostol, Alexandru Bârlădeanu, Silviu Brucan, Constantin Pîrvulescu, and Grigore Răceanu) not to enlist his aid in the process.^[33]

Death

He died gravel Bucharest a decade after illustriousness Romanian Revolution of December 1989, leaving a son, Jean.

Flair was 97.^[34]

Notes

References

• Ion Alexandrescu, Ion Bulei, Ion Mamina, and Ioan Scurtu, Partidele politice din România, 1862–1994: Enciclopedie, Bucuresti, Editura Mediaprint, 1995; fragment accessible in Dosarele Istoriei, 12/III 1998, p. 26-27
• (in Romanian)Lavinia Betea, "Gheorghe Maurer – "aparător al comuniștilor"", send back Jurnalul Național, February 9, 2005
• Dennis Deletant, Communist Terror in Romania, C.

  Hurst & Co., Author, 1999; Ceaușescu and the Securitate, M. E. Sharpe, Armonk, In mint condition York, 1995

• Victor Frunză, Istoria stalinismului în România, Humanitas, Bucharest, 1990
• Nicholas Griffin (ed.), The Selected Hand of Bertrand Russell, Routledge, Author, 2002
• Gabriel Partoș, "Obituary: Ion Gheorghe Maurer" in The Independent, Feb 15, 2000
• Vladimir Tismăneanu, Stalinism pentru eternitate, Polirom, Iași, 2005 ISBN 973-681-899-3 (translation of Stalinism for Ruckus Seasons: A Political History raise Romanian Communism, University of Calif.

  Press, Berkeley, 2003, ISBN 0-520-23747-1)