Sheikh mujibur rahman born history

Sheik Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975) was a charismatic chairman who organized dissent and uprising against the British in Bharat, led the Bengalis of Suck in air Pakistan in their resistance almost the unjust actions of illustriousness post-colonial Pakistani government, and at the last helped found the independent knowledge of Bangladesh in 1972.

Sheik Mujibur Rahman (Mujib) was born divide up March 17, 1920, in Tongipara village in the Gopalganj domain of the Faridpur district hem in the eastern part of picture province of Bengal in Nation India.

An extroverted, sports-loving ant man, Mujib was well like by his teachers and bedfellows, but never distinguished himself surround his studies. To the scare of his father, a diminutive landholder (sheik is one close the titles often assumed hard the landed gentry) and graceful government official, Mujib showed high-mindedness first sign of his tomorrow's revolutionary leadership by distributing expense from his father's stockpile calculate the famine-stricken peasantry of sovereign area.

A charismatic leader, Sheik Mujib epitomized anti-colonial leadership in excellence Third World.

He organized discrepancy and rebellion against the Island and rose against the calamity and exploitation by the power-wielders in West Pakistan against greatness Bengali population of East Pakistan. For Sheik Mujib the clash for freedom from exploitation was never-ending. Even after winning self-governme for Bangladesh from Pakistan, take in exploitation-free Bengali society eluded him.

When he seemed to remark having some success in tiding over the most difficult term of post-liberation history, he was assassinated and his family massacred in a fluke coup portray by a handful of young officers of the fledgling Bangladesh army.

Seeking Justice for Bengal

Joining dignity Awami Muslim League Party wring 1949 with his mentor, Hussain Shahid Suhrawardy, and later its general secretary (1953), Mujib formed a coalition of skilful number of East-Bengali-based political parties.

In the provincial election considerate 1954 the coalition (Jukta Front) inflicted a landslide defeat price the Muslim League Party, which had been responsible for excellence creation of Pakistan and was often equated with Pakistan upturn. He served in the commode of Fazlul Huq until primacy election was voided and Huq put under house arrest rough the central government of Pakistan.

Earlier, in 1952, Mujib had worked a leading role in righteousness student movement demanding that Ethnos, the language of the maturity of the people of birth country, be made an justifiable language.

The Karachi government lecture Pakistan subsequently conceded the want under public pressure, but yell before a number of Magadhan students had been killed wedge the police. The 1954 episode reiterated what Mujib had involved before—that Bengalis were not milky to receive their rights broke a fight.

In 1957 Mujib became the undisputed leader of say publicly Awami League, defeating Ataur Rahman in the struggle for honesty party presidency after Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, the founder-president of the party, resigned pay for foreign policy disagreements with match party leader Prime Minister Swirl.

S. Suhrawardy. Mujib's stand market leader the language issue and realm later open challenge to decided orders of the martial handle roughly projected him as an inflexible fighter for human rights. Intellect that Mujib was organizing option mass movement, the central governance ordered his arrest on efficient trumped up charge of dishonesty in 1958 when he refused to comply with the latest law (Elective Bodies Disqualifications Coach of 1958) requiring all Asian politicians to refrain from public activity for six years.

Building block now Dhaka jail had turn a second home to Mujib; he spent a number chide years during the pre-and post-independence periods there.

His extensive grass-roots outward appearance of East Pakistan between 1960 and 1962, defying the warlike law ban against political activities, made Bengali appreciate Mujib recognize his uncompromising commitment to coequality and justice.

For his added visibility as a Bengali loyalist and for his defiance clamour the military, Mujib was regulate jailed in 1962 for shock wave months. After the promulgation clasp the second constitution by Ayub Khan the same year, Mujib came out of prison, began preparations for a mass onslaught against the Ayub regime, become more intense waited for the opportune active to start it.

A Drive keep an eye on Bengali Autonomy

The opportunity came tail end the 1965 Indo-Pakistan war encompass which East Pakistan, with tight Bengali majority, was practically leftist defenseless by the central rule.

In November 1965 Mujib hollow out a six-point program merriment enabling his party to group political and economic justice family tree a federal system. The programme involved setting up a federated system in which the force of the central government would be dramatically curtailed; only nonnative affairs and defense were thither be left as central subjects.

The provinces were to suppress jurisdiction over currencies and monetary policy, with the stipulation renounce the federal government was thicken be provided with requisite returns for meeting only the riders of defense and foreign concern. Mujib's six-point program also needed that a constitutional provision was to be made providing go wool-gathering separate accounts for foreign alternate earnings and foreign trade could be maintained under the uncultivated governments.

A last point emphatic that a separate military seize East Pakistan was to engrave raised and maintained in buckle to contribute to national security.

Mujib's program was rejected by probity leaders of the Pakistan Autonomous Movement (composed of the spearhead of the combined opposition reception who had unsuccessfully challenged Ayub in the election of 1964) at an all-party meeting rotation Lahore in February 1966.

Undeterred, Mujib quickly decided to come out of a mass movement based arrest his program. In 1966 inaccuracy was once more arrested, current in 1967 the central command brought a charge of lese-majesty against him for his claimed conspiracy with Indian leaders unity make East Pakistan secede unearth Pakistan. Pressured by a countrywide mass movement, the Ayub regimen withdrew the conspiracy charge antithetical him and others and Mujib was set free unconditionally be next to March 2, 1969.

Under the Statutory Framework Order of Yahya Caravanserai, who took over power steer clear of Ayub in 1969, the dates for national and provincial elections were set for December 5 and 17, 1970, respectively.

In all probability the November cyclone which described half a million lives extra rendered 3 million homeless other the apparent lack of perturb for the victims by nobleness Yahya junta changed the path of Pakistan's political history. Mujib's Awami League won a landslip victory—167 seats out of spruce up possible 313—thereby securing an explicit majority in the Assembly.

That was unacceptable to West Pakistan's military and political elites. Little a result, the Assembly was indefinitely postponed by President Caravanserai on March 1, 1971, four days before the first zeal was to convene. This irritable the Bengalis, and a accelerate mass movement against the expeditionary erupted. Mujib tried to renovation the rising public anger weigh up a non-violent, civil disobedience movement.

During the three week long crossing Mujib ruled East Pakistan on account of the de facto head sponsor government.

A last effort stop by negotiate a peaceful settlement aborted on March 23. On middle of the night of March 25, 1971, nobleness military crackdown on the Asian autonomy movement began, resulting hold the arrest of Mujib, glory round-up of suspected nationalists, prep added to a general disarming of goodness Bengali police and Bengali comrades of Pakistan's armed forces.

High-mindedness crackdown, accompanied by senseless blood bath of Bengali police, soldiers, refuse civilians, served to harden Ethnos resolve to fight the Pakistan military to the last. Even supposing Mujib remained in a Westbound Pakistan prison waiting execution engage alleged treason, his name became a symbol of inspiration trip strength for Bengalis everywhere.

From Topsecurity prison to the Presidency

After India's be troubled of the Pakistani army fell East Pakistan on December 16, 1971, and the transfer staff power in Pakistan from significance military junta to civilian stupendous headed by Zulfikar Bhutto, Mujib was freed.

On January 10, 1972, he returned to Bangladesh as a hero. Promptly significant took charge of the fresh nation and inspired the give out to rebuild their war-torn declare. His initial success as galvanizer, as integrator, and as consensus-builder was reflected in the final general election of the additional nation in 1973, when her majesty Awami League Party secured choice landslide victory.

Earlier in 1972 Mujib, popularly called Bangabandhu (friend accuse Bengal), had given the different nation of Bangladesh its extreme constitution.

It incorporated four humorless principles of state policy: home rule, socialism, secularism, and nationalism; standardize they were called Mujibism. Influence first step which Mujib took in order to ensure harmonious economic recovery was to modify all banks and major industries, most of which were notorious by West Pakistanis. After say publicly landslide electoral victory in 1973, Mujib became overconfident and content about the future, and, inclination the neglect of national priorities, he began to concentrate make dirty building grass roots bases very last his party.

This necessitated dinky drastic redistribution of resources, which segments of the Bengali elite—particularly within the civil and combatant bureau-cracy—found difficult to accept. Position consecutive droughts in 1973 station 1974 also created an defiant situation for Mujib and coronate regime, which lacked both authority experience of crisis management splendid the support of the outdo food donor of the world—the United States.

The worsening situation was used as the chief basis by Mujib to declare uncut state of emergency on Dec 28, 1974, and to reform the constitution in early 1975, transforming Bangladesh's parliamentary system inspiration a presidential one, giving Mujib unlimited power as the modern president of the Republic, extract establishing a one party shade.

Armed with this amended structure Mujib forced the leaders defer to the opposition parties to unite his newly created party—Bangladesh Krishak Sramic Awami League— popularly get out as BAKSAL.

Using his new force, Mujib tried to bring requisite critical changes to Bangladesh's political, commercial, and administrative structure through governmental centralization and administrative decentralization.

On the other hand before he could see emperor dream of "golden Bengal" come to light true, he and most personnel of his family were assassinated in a pre-dawn coup by a handful of worse officers of the Bangladesh gray of August 15, 1975, birth anniversary of the day Bharat won independence from the Island in 1947.

The coup emperor, Khondar Kar Mushtaque Ahmed, took over the presidency. Two addition coups in rapid order wear down to power Ziaur Rahman.

Further Reading

Additional information can be found unite Zillur R. Khan, Leadership welloff the Least Developed Nation: Bangladesh (1983); International Who's Who 1972-1973; and TIME 99 (January 17, 1972).

Additional Sources

Sheikh Mujib: a cairn anthology, London: Radical Asia Books, 1977.

Tribute to Sheikh Mujib: ordinal death anniversary, 17 March 1920-15 August 1975, London: Bangabandhu Group of people, 1980.

□